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3 months ago

He doesn't distinguish between the small and large ldl particles. It's the small ones are problematic, not the large ldl particles. Here are some key studies that demonstrate the role of small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles in the development of atherosclerosis: 1. "Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis: Relationship and Therapeutic Strategies" Publication: Frontiers in Physiology Year: 2022 Findings: This study reviewed the relationship between small, dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and atherosclerosis. It found that sdLDL-C has a stronger correlation with the progression of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) compared to larger LDL particles. sdLDL-C was also significantly associated with higher risks of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events. The study emphasized the need to monitor and reduce sdLDL-C concentrations to lower the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Funders: Not specified. 2. "Low-density lipoprotein particles in atherosclerosis" Publication: Frontiers in Physiology Year: 2022 Findings: This review highlighted that small, dense LDL particles possess stronger atherogenic ability compared to large and intermediate LDL subfractions. sdLDL particles are more likely to penetrate arterial walls, become oxidized, and promote inflammation, all of which contribute to atherosclerosis. Funders: Not specified. 3. "Association of small, dense LDL-cholesterol concentration and lipoprotein particle characteristics with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis" Publication: PLOS ONE Year: 2020 Findings: This systematic review and meta-analysis found that elevated sdLDL-C concentrations were significantly associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The small size of sdLDL particles allows them to penetrate the arterial wall easily, become oxidized, and attract inflammatory factors, which increases the likelihood of atherogenesis. Funders: Not specified. 4. "Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein as Biomarker for Atherosclerotic Diseases" Publication: Hindawi Year: 2017 Findings: This study confirmed that sdLDL particles have a greater atherogenic potential than larger LDL particles. The prolonged circulation time of sdLDL provides more opportunities for these particles to contribute to the development and growth of atherosclerotic plaques. Funders: Not specified. These studies collectively indicate that small, dense LDL particles are more atherogenic than larger LDL particles. Their ability to penetrate the arterial wall, susceptibility to oxidation, and promotion of inflammatory responses make them significant contributors to the development of atherosclerosis.

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